CARL AZUZ, HOST, CNN STUDENT NEWS: A champion of freedom, a pioneering leader, a woman of greatness. That`s how some world leaders described Margaret Thatcher. The former British prime minister died yesterday after she had a stroke.
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DAVID CAMERON, BRITISH PRIME MINISTER: We lost a great leader, a great prime minister, and a great Britain. Margaret Thatcher didn`t just lead our country, she saved our country.
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AZUZ: Thatcher served as prime minister from 1979 to 1990. She was the first and is still the only woman to lead the British government.
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MARGARET THATCHER, LATE FORMER BRITISH PRIME MINISTER: It was a most fascinating time of my life, and they were gripping years. We sorted out the economy, people came to have a higher standard of living, a real enterprise economy. We then saw the end of the Cold War. They were fascinating - event after event after event.
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AZUZ: Thatcher was sometimes known as "the Iron Lady" because of her personal and political toughness. Her policies, especially some economic ones, earned her support and criticism from the British people. One of her constant allies was the United States. Thatcher and American president, Ronald Reagan, worked together on many global issues. That includes the Cold War against the Communist Soviet Union, which Thatcher helped end.
Thatcher had suffered from medical issues in recent years. She was 87 years old.
President Obama visited Connecticut yesterday. Went there to talk about guns. Connecticut just passed new gun laws, some of the strictest gun laws in the United States. The U.S. Senate is set to debate the issue of guns. One part of the discussion is background checks for people who want to buy guns.
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SEN. CHUCK SCHUMER, D-NEW YORK: I am hopeful that we can get something on background checks. Ninety percent of America is for background checks.
GOV. RICK PERRY, R-TEXAS: I have to deal with the reality as the governor of the state of Texas, and universal background checks is not going to save one life.
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AZUZ: All right next up today, "Never Again" is the motto of Holocaust remembrance day. Its goal is to honor the six million Jewish people, and millions of others, who were killed by Nazi Germany and to prevent something like that from ever happening again.
In Israel you can see people who stopped their cars and paused their cars for a moment as a memorial siren sounded yesterday. U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry was part of a wreath-laying ceremony at Yad Vashem, that`s Israel`s Holocaust memorial center. Families took part in ceremonies in the U.S. as well. One Holocaust survivor talked about the day`s message for younger generations.
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SAMI STEIGMANN, HOLOCAUST SURVIVOR: Teach them tolerance, accepting people for what they are, not to hate, and to leave a better world to their children and their grandchildren than I and my generation leaving to them.
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UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: See if you can ID me. I`m one indicator of the U.S. economy. I`m sometimes associated with bears and bulls, though I deal more directly with shares and bonds. In 1929, I took a big crash. I`m the U.S. stock market, and I offer investors the opportunity to buy and sell stocks.
AZUZ: The stock market, in particular the Dow Jones Industrial Average, can get a lot of attention on the news. How exactly do these things work? What does it mean to buy and sell stocks, exactly? April is financial literacy month. The goal is to give people more information about the financial world so they, so you, so all of us can make informed decisions. So, getting back to the stock market, Alison Kosik is going to break it down for us.
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ALISON KOSIK, CNN BUSINESS CORRESPONDENT: Hi Carl, the U.S. stock market, it`s been around for 200 years. Where fortunes are made --
WOLF BLITZER, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Strong rally today on Wall Street, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average soaring to a record high.
KOSIK: - -And lost.
ALI VELSHI, CNN BUSINESS CORRESPONDENT: The Dow had its biggest point drop in history today.
KOSIK: But how exactly does it work? Basically, every company here at the New York stock exchange is selling shares or stock in itself. So if you buy one share of Disney, you give them money and in return you own a portion of the company. So you are now a shareholder or an investor. You can own anywhere from one share to thousands of shares. People buy and sell shares based on the news they hear about the company. Take Walmart for example. One share costs about $75. If Walmart says its stores had strong sales this month, more people buy the stock and the price of the stock goes up. That money goes back to Walmart, which it can use to build new stores, hire more people, or just save for the future. But if Walmart says sales weren`t so good, shareholders get nervous, they sell, and the price goes down.
Speaking of Walmart, it trades on the Dow Jones Industrial Average. That`s an index made up of 30 U.S. companies from different industries. When the Dow rises, it means investors are buying shares of these companies. They are confident in the direction the companies are going. So, while the stock market seems complicated, it`s a way for you to own a piece of brands you know, like Crest or Jiff, and hopefully make some money.
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UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Today`s shout out goes out to Mr. Sheehan`s class at Westmount Hilltop High School in Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
The Karakoram mountain range is located on what continent? Here we go now. Is it Africa, Asia, South American or Antarctica. You`ve got three seconds, go. The Karakoram range stretches about 300 miles across part of Asia. That`s your answer, and that`s your shout out.
AZUZ: And it is up there too. The average height of mountains in the Karakorams is about 20,000 feet. Now, yours truly might take a run down a black diamond trail, or maybe more realistically I might fall my way down a black diamond trail, but if you were to ask me to step into a pair of skis and take on some of the tallest mountains in the world, I`m heading back to the bunny slope. Saima Mohsin caught up with some extreme adventurers who are planning to ski where no one has ever skied before.
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SAIMA MOHSIN, CNN CORRESPONDENT: It`s the world`s highest mountain range, but that hasn`t stopped a team of extreme free ride heli-skiers from taking it on. Brice Lequertier is leading the team. In 2003, he climbed Everest, then skied back down. Now, he`s set for his biggest challenge yet.
BRICE LEQUERTIER, HELI-SKI TEAM LEADER: Well, the mountain (ph) is the biggest, highest, mountain range in the world. You have a unique terrain. Is it so big, so high, and so wild - completely undiscovered. The place we flew today to, nobody`s ever been there. Nobody has ever stepped foot there. So, it`s exciting. It`s just an adventure to start.
MOHSIN: Some of the world`s best skiers and snowboarders have flown in from Russia, Canada, France, Serbia, And Switzerland for the pioneering project. There are no resorts or commercial heli-teams here, so the team is working with the Pakistan military to get them to the top of the mountains.
We`re just trying to scout out a location where the helicopter can land where it`s safe to go heli-skiing.
And, when they found a spot.
The Karakoram mountain range in Pakistan is home to the highest concentration of peaks. Over 8,000 meters to be found anywhere in the world. The team that`s come here has 500 kilometers of mountain peaks to discover.
With untouched slopes where nobody has ever skied before, this international team has plenty of adventures ahead. While locals are hoping this will be the kick-start they need to boost Pakistan`s winter sports and tourism industry.
Saima Mohsin, CNN, in the Karakoram mountain range, Pakistan.
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AZUZ: From the mountains to the sea, it`s turtle time on CNN STUDENT NEWS. Turtle power! These guys were part of a large group of turtles found last fall near Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Scientists don`t know why so many of them showed up there; originally it was over 200. But it was cold, too cold for turtles, and they would have frozen to death if they had stayed put. So a group of researchers picked some of them up, nursed them back to health and drove them down the east coast to Little Talbot Island, Florida. The waters there, in Florida, are warmer of course, and it`s where turtles naturally migrate so they thought it would be a good place to let them continue being sea turtles. Some of them got so excited when they heard the ocean they started flipping out in their containers.
Get it? Flipping out? Pretty cool.
All right, finally the three words you want to hear from the special someone.
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AZUZ: All right, it might be a little hard to make out, or a lot hard to make out, that dog is barking out "I love you." Maybe. Possibly. Let`s just make sure.
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AZUZ: All right, close enough. The dog`s amorous audibles earned him an adoption from this animal shelter. The new owner probably heard those three words and decided it was just true "woof." We admit that pun was "ruff," but whether it`s in pain or laughter, we`re sure it made everybody howl.
Teachers, tell us "howl" you thought today`s show went by using the feedback link on our homepage. Have a great day.