A new study has found that how long Americans live depends on where they live.
Researchers at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation or IHME at the University of Washington in Seattle found that the gap between counties with the highest and lowest life expectancies is larger now than it was in 1980. And life expectancy is falling in some counties. The researchers say this shows there is a large “and growing inequality in the health of Americans.”
Several counties in the states of North and South Dakota, where many Native Americans live, have the lowest life expectancy rate. In Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota, the life expectancy was 66.8 in 2014.
There has also been a drop in the life expectancy rate in counties in poor areas of Kentucky and West Virginia. In Owsley County, Kentucky, life expectancy was 72.4 years in 1980. But by 2014 it had fallen to 70.2.
Some of the counties with the highest life expectancy are in the western state of Colorado. Summit County had the longest life expectancy at 86.8 years. It was 86.5 in Pitkin County and 85.9 in Eagle County.
The average life expectancy in the United States was 79.1 in 2014.
Dr. Ali Mokdad is one of the authors of the study. He says the findings demonstrate an urgent need “to reduce inequality in the health of Americans.”
He says “federal, state and local health departments need to invest in programs that work and engage their communities in disease prevention and health promotion.”
The study showed that spending more money on healthcare does not appear to increase life expectancy.
The United States spends more per person on health care than many developed countries -- $9,237 per person in 2014. That compares to $4,032 spent by Australia, which has a life expectancy of 82.3 and Japan, which spent $3,816 and has one of the highest life expectancies in the world at 83.1.
Laura Dwyer-Lindgren is a researcher at IHME and one of the authors of the study. She says examining “life expectancy on a national level masks the massive differences that exist at the local level, especially in a country as diverse as the United States. Risk factors like obesity, lack of exercise, high blood pressure, and smoking explain a large portion of the variation in lifespans, but so do socioeconomic factors like race, education and income.”
Dr. Christopher Murray is the director of the IHME. He says “the inequality in health in the United States -- a country that spends more on health care than any other -- is unacceptable. Every American, regardless of where they live or their background, deserves to live a long and healthy life. If we allow trends to continue as they are, the gap will only widen between counties.”
The study was published Monday in JAMA Internal Medicine.
Words in This Story
gap – n. a difference between two people, groups or things (often + between)
life expectancy – n. the average number of years that a person or animal can expect to live
engage – v. to get and keep (someone’s attention, interest, etc.)
mask – v. to keep (something) from being known or noticed
risk factor – n. something that increases risk
life span – n. the amount of time that a person or animal actually lives
socioeconomic – adj. of, relating to or involving a combination of social and economic factors
background – n. the experiences, knowledge, education, etc., in a person's past